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The correct answer is socialism, which is characterized by public ownership or collective ownership of the means of production. This economic system aims to ensure that everyone has access to resources and wealth is distributed more evenly among the population. In socialism, the government often plays a significant role in planning and controlling economic activities, making decisions about production, distribution, and consumption in a way that seeks to reduce inequalities found in more capitalistic systems.

In contrast, capitalism is based on private ownership and the free market, where individuals or businesses own property and resources and make decisions based on market trends. Communism represents a more extreme form of socialism, advocating for the elimination of all private property, wherein the state or communal bodies control all aspects of economic life. The free market system emphasizes minimal regulatory oversight by the government, promoting competition and individual entrepreneurship without the public ownership characteristic of socialism. Thus, socialism distinctly aligns with the notion of public ownership of productive resources.